Efficacy comparison between rigid and foldable anterior iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens implantation for treating high myopia in Asian eyes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To compare refractive and safety outcome of Artisan and Artiflex phakic intraocular lens(PIOL)for the correction of high myopia in Asian population.METHODS:Historical cohort study. A total of 81 high myopic eyes that underwent PIOL implantation from 2016 to 2020 at Yap Eye Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups based on PIOL implanted, with 43 eyes using Artisan PIOL in Artisan group and 38 eyes using Artiflex PIOL in Artiflex group. Visual acuity, corneal biomicroscopy parameters, and intraocular pressure(IOP)were respectively recorded prior to the implantation and at 1d, 1 and 3mo after surgery. In addition, anterior chamber depth was documented before PIOL implantation.RESULTS:Mean follow-up period were 9.64±6.93mo and 8.96±4.28mo in Artisan an Artiflex group, respectively(P=0.736). The efficacy index was 1.03±0.47 in Artisan group, and 1.02±0.17 in the Artiflex group(P=0.119).The safety index was 1.10±0.45 and 1.05±0.21 in Artisan and Artiflex group, respectively(P<0.001). The mean spherical equivalent(SE)in Artisan group was -0.64±0.996D, and it was -0.22±0.58D in Artiflex group(P=0.076). In both groups, there was a significant loss of endothelial cell density(ECD)postoperatively compare to baseline(P<0.05), and the cumulative ECD loss was 7.44% and 5.79% in the Artisan and Artiflex groups, respectively(P=0.418).CONCLUSION:Artisan and Artiflex are comparable in terms of refractive outcome to correct high myopia in Asian eyes. Artisan had a slightly better safety index compare to Artiflex. However, the efficacy index and cumulative ECD loss was similar in both the Artisan and Artiflex groups.

Fórmula artesanal a base de lactosuero: complemento alimenticio para niños preescolares / Artisanal whey-based formula: food supplement for preschool children

Resumen Se pretendió desarrollar una fórmula artesanal, a base de lactosuero, como complemento alimenticio para niños preescolares. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva ejecutada en tres fases: 1. Ensayos preliminares para la determinación del esquema tecnológico; 2. Evaluación fisicoquímica para la caracterización del producto y determinación de macronutrientes y 3. Evaluación sensorial donde se midió el nivel de agrado del producto final. Los datos obtenidos de los análisis se tabularon en cuatro repeticiones y se analizaron a través de estadísticas descriptivas de tendencia central y en frecuencias expresadas en tablas y gráficos mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 20.0. Se obtuvo que en el análisis proximal del requesón deshidratado, éste aportó por cada 100 gramos de producto: 480,28 kcal, 46,5% de proteínas, 22,36% de grasas y 23,26% de hidratos de carbono. La formulación final de la bebida constó de 2,9 g de requesón deshidratado, 3,6 g de arroz previamente cocido y 1,8 g de azúcar diluidos por cada onza preparada. Se determinó que es una fórmula hipocalórica-hiperproteica e isoosmolar, con una viscosidad de 275cP, un pH de 5,1 y con 0,291% de ácido láctico. La fórmula artesanal a base de lactosuero fue de agrado para 41 niños que participaron en el análisis sensorial. Se recomienda su uso en niños que se encuentren en condición de vulnerabilidad nutricional.

Abstract The main objective of this research was to develop an artisan formula based on whey as food supplement directed to preschool children. It was a descriptive study carried out in three phases: 1. Preliminary tests, for the determination of the technological scheme; 2. Physical-chemical evaluation, for the characterisation of the product and determination of nutrients and, 3. Sensory evaluation: the level of satisfaction of the final product measured. The data obtained from the analysis were tabulated in four repetitions and analysed through descriptive statistics of central tendency and in frequencies expressed in tables and graphs using the statistical program SPSS version 20.0. As a result, for each 100 grams of dehydrated cottage cheese this malnuprovides: 480.28 kcal, 46.5% protein; 22.36% fat and 23.26% carbohydrates. The final formulation of the drink consisted of 2.9 g of dehydrated cottage cheese, 3.6 g of previously cooked rice and 1.8 g of diluted sugar for each prepared ounce. It was determined as a hypocaloric-hyperproteic and isomolar formula, with a viscosity of 275cP, a pH of 5.1 and with 0.291% lactic acid. The artisan formula based on whey was liked by 41 children who participated in the sensory analysis. As a conclusion, it can be recommended as food supplement in children with nutritional vulnerability conditions.

Resumo O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi desenvolver uma fórmula artesanal à base de soro de leite como suplemento alimentar direcionado a crianças pré-escolares. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo em três fases: 1. Ensaios preliminares, para determinação do esquema tecnológico; 2. Avaliação físico-química, para caracterização do produto e determinação de macronutrientes e 3. Avaliação sensorial: mediu-se o grau de satisfação do produto final. Os dados obtidos das análises foram tabulados em quatro repetições e analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas de tendência central e em frequências expressas em tabelas e gráficos utilizando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 20.0. Como resultado da análise proximal, para cada 100 gramas de requeijão desidratado fornece: 480,28 kcal, 46,5% de proteína; 22,36% de gordura e 23,26% de carboidratos. A formulação final da bebida consistiu em 2,9 g de requeijão desidratado, 3,6 g de arroz previamente cozido e 1,8 g de açúcar diluído para cada onça preparada. O resultado concluiu que é uma fórmula hipocalórica-hiperproteica e isoosmolar, com viscosidade de 275cP, pH de 5,1 e com 0,291% de ácido lático. A fórmula artesanal à base de soro de leite foi apreciada por 41 crianças que participaram da análise sensorial. É recomendado seu uso em crianças que se encontrem em condições de vulnerabilidade nutricional.

Caracterización de bacterias ácido lácticas con actividad antimicrobiana aisladas del queso crema de Chiapas, México / Characterization of lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial activity isolated from cream cheese from Chiapas, Mexico

Resumen El queso crema de Chiapas es un producto artesanal fabricado en diferentes regiones de México. La capacidad de las bacterias lácticas, de producir grandes cantidades de ácido láctico y acético, tiene como efecto la disminución del pH, considerado uno de los factores primarios en la inhibición de microorganismos indeseables, como patógenos y bacterias coliformes, en alimentos lácteos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar bacterias ácido lácticas y evaluar su efecto antagónico contra bacterias patógenas in vitro y contra patógenos presentes en la leche cuando se adicionan durante la elaboración del queso crema. Se aislaron cepas de bacterias lácticas del queso crema de Chiapas, México. Los aislados fueron identificados mediante pruebas bioquímicas API 50CH y secuencias del gen ribosomal 16S. Las bacterias de interés se usaron en pruebas de inhibición del crecimiento con cepas patógenas. Se cuantificó la producción de ácido acético y láctico por cromatografía de gases acoplado a masas en los quesos, al inicio y a los 10 d posteriores a su elabo ración. Se aislaron 203 cepas bacterianas, de las cuales 82 tuvieron la capacidad de inhibir el crecimiento de 7 cepas bacterianas patógenas. Las cepas fueron identificadas por la secuencia parcial del gen ribosomal 16S como pertenecientes al género Lactobacillus; la adición de estas cepas en la elaboración del queso crema redujo o eliminó coliformes, Staphylococcus aureus, mohos y levaduras, mientras que en el queso elaborado con leche pasteurizada se detectaron 290 UFC/mL de mohos y levaduras. Estos resultados sugieren que las cepas de Lactobacillus aisladas del queso crema artesanal de Chiapas tienen potencial para su uso como cultivo iniciador con actividad de bioconservación en este y productos similares.

Abstract Chiapas cream cheese is an artisanal product manufactured in different regions of Mexico. The ability of lactic bacteria to produce large amounts of lactic and acetic acid has the effect of decreasing the pH, considered one of the primary factors in the inhibition of undesirable microorganisms such as pathogens and coliform bacteria, in dairy foods. The objective of this work was to isolate lactic acid bacteria and evaluate their antagonistic effect against pathogenic bacteria in vitro, as well as their effect against pathogens that are present in milk when they are added in the preparation of cream cheese. Strains of lactic bacteria were isolated from cream cheese from Chiapas, Mexico. Isolates were identified by API 50CH biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal gene sequences. The bacteria under study were used in pathogen growth inhibition tests. The production of acetic and lactic acid was quantified by gas chromatography coupled to masses in the cheeses at the beginning and 10 d after its elaboration. 203 bacterial strains were isolated, 82 of which had the ability to inhibit the growth of 7 pathogenic bacterial strains. The strains were identified by the partial sequence of the 16S ribosomal gene as belonging to the genus Lactobacillus; The addition of these strains in the elaboration of cream cheese reduces or eliminates coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, molds and yeasts, while in the cheese made with pasteurized milk 290 CFU/mL of molds and yeasts were detected. These results suggest that Lactobacillus strains isolated from Chiapas artisanal cream cheese has the potential to be used as a starter culture with bioconservation activity in this and similar products.

Phacoemulsification in phakic iris-claw lens with cataract

In this new technique of cataract surgery in patients with iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens with cataract, phakic IOL is explanted at the end of surgery. Phakic IOL remains stable and securely enclaved to the iris during phacoemulsification which is performed through a small 2.2 mm incision. Endothelial protection is provided by viscodispersive OVD above the phakic IOL and space for surgery is created by high molecular weight viscocohesive OVD beneath the phakic IOL. This technique provides significant advantages from the previously described techniques in terms of chamber stability, endothelial protection, iris trauma and surgical ease.

Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica do leite após aplicação de boas práticas agropecuárias / Evaluation of the microbiological quality of milk after application of good agricultural practices

O leite cru é amplamente utilizado na produção de queijos artesanais, como o Queijo Artesanal Serrano (QAS), que é produzido a partir do leite cru de vacas de raças de corte. O leite sem tratamento térmico pode ser veículo de agentes de doenças transmitidas por alimentos. Assim, as condições de higiene no processo de obtenção da matéria-prima são de extrema importância. Em dez unidades produtivas de QAS, coletaram- -se amostras de leite para contagem de micro-organismos mesófilos aeróbios (MT), coliformes totais (CT), coliformes termotolerantes e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP) antes e após a implementação de Boas Práticas Agropecuárias (BPA). A utilização de BPA determinou redução significativa (p=0,0006) na contagem de MT e revelou tendência à diminuição nas contagens de CT e aumento nas contagens de SCP. A contagem de MT está diretamente relacionada à qualidade do produto enquanto CT, à higiene do processo produtivo. Apesar de ter sido observado uma melhora na qualidade do leite, ainda há necessidade de revisão e intensificação das BPA, especialmente devido ao aumento na contagem de SCP. O QAS possui importância socioeconômica, sendo necessária a qualificação de sua produção para garantir a qualidade da matéria-prima e, assim, agregar valor ao produto final.(AU)

Lípidos, sodio y fibra dietética en harina de trigo y pan artesanal en Uruguay: aporte nutricional según recomendaciones para distintos grupos de población / Lipids, sodium and dietary fiber in wheat flour and artisan bread in Uruguay: nutritional intake according to the recommendations for different population groups

This research assessed the proportion of whole-wheat flour in whole-wheat bread relative to the level mandated by law, as well as the content of lipids (Lip) and sodium (Na) in French bread, and of Lip, Na and total dietary fiber (TDF) in whole-wheat bread made in bakeries in Montevideo and Canelones, Uruguay. The percentage ofNa and TDF using both Adequate Intakes (Als) and Tolerable Upper Intake levels (Uls) were estimated in reference to recommended daily quantities. Na in French bread consists of 64% of AIs for individuals aged nine and older, and over 100% of AIs for adults aged 51 and older. Whole-wheat bread values are slightly lower. TDF consists of 38% of AIs in 9 year-old children and 53% in adults older than 50 years of age. This work helps to establish a baseline for the development of formulations with minimum levels of Na and optimum levels of TDF in artisan bread.

La presente investigación evaluó la proporción de harina integral en pan integral con el nivel legislado; el contenido de lípidos y sodio (Na) en pan francés y lípidos, Na y fibra dietética total (FDT) en pan integral elaborado en panaderías de Montevideo y Canelones. Se estimó según cantidades diarias recomendadas el porcentaje de Na y FDT en relación a las Ingestas Adecuadas (AIs) y los Límites Máximos Tolerables (Uls). El Na en pan francés cubre desde los 9 años un 64% de las IAs hasta cerca del 100% en adultos desde los 51 años; el pan integral alcanza valores algo inferiores. La FDT cubre en niños de 9 años el 38% de las IAs y 53% en adultos mayores de 50 años. Este trabajo contribuye a disponer de una línea de base para el desarrollo de formulaciones con mínimos niveles de Na y óptimos de FDT en panes artesanales.

Qualidades subjetivas do trabalho do artesão: um estudo sob a perspectiva das experiências de ócio / Subjective qualities from the artisan work: a study under leisure experiences perspective / Cualidades subjetivas del trabajo artesano: un estudio desde la perspectiva de las experiencias de ocio

O artesanato é percebido como a manifestação de um trabalho autogerido e criativo, não desconectado das imposições do mercado capitalista, mas pautado em componentes subjetivos como liberdade percebida, significado intrínseco e desenvolvimento pessoal - alguns dos componentes encontrados nas experiências de ócio tanto em algumas pesquisas empíricas como na literatura especializada. Este artigo objetiva tecer aproximações entre as qualidades subjetivas do trabalho dos artesãos e as qualidades da experiência de ócio. Convoca-se uma abordagem de natureza qualitativa, baseada em uma pesquisa de enfoque etnográfico, alicerçada pela revisão bibliográfica dos conceitos, servindo-se da entrevista em profundidade para coleta dos dados e do Método de Identificação das Qualidades das Experiências de Ócio (MICEO) para análise dos mesmos. Nas articulações contempladas, observa-se que os artesãos enfatizam, dentre outros elementos, a satisfação e o desenvolvimento pessoal presentes no seu ofício. O que os aproxima de uma experiência de ócio

Handicraft is perceived as the manifestation of a self-managed and creative work, not disconnected from the impositions of the capitalist market, but guided by subjective components as perceived freedom, intrinsic meaning and personal development - some of the components found in leisure experiences as pointed out by some empirical research and the literature. This article aims to create approaches between the subjective qualities of the work of artisans and the characteristics of leisure experience. This article calls up a qualitative approach, based on an ethnographic research driven by the literature review of the concepts, making use of in-depth interview for data collection and identification method of the qualities of Personal Experiences of Leisure (MICEO) to examination. In the studied articulations it is observed that the artisans emphasize the satisfaction and personal development present in their office, among other things, that approaches those of a leisure experience

La artesanía es una manifestación de un trabajo autogestionado y creativo, aunque conectado al mercado capitalista. Esta manifestación está pautada por componentes subjetivos tales como libertad percibida, significado intrínseco y desarrollo humano, que son componentes encontrados en la experiencia de ocio, como enseñan algunas investigaciones empíricas y la literatura especializada. Este artículo tiene por objetivo enseñar las semejanzas entre las cualidades subjetivas del trabajo artesano y las cualidades de la experiencia de ocio. Se utilizó un abordaje de naturaleza cualitativa, basada en una investigación etnográfica y una revisión bibliográfica de los conceptos, llevándose a cabo entrevistas en profundidad para la recogida de datos y el Método de Identificación de las Cualidades de las Experiencias Personales de Ocio (MICEO) para análisis de los datos. En las articulaciones observadas, se observa que los artesanos enfatizan la satisfacción y el desarrollo personal presentes en su oficio, entre otros elementos, hecho que los acerca a una experiencia de ocio

Long Term Corneal Endothelial Cell Density Loss after Iris-fixed Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation

PURPOSE: To report three cases of severe endothelial cell density loss after iris claw phakic intraocular lens (Artisan® lens) implantation. CASE SUMMARY: A 32-year-old woman underwent iris claw intraocular lens implantation in both eyes. Preoperative corneal endothelial cell count was 2,556 cells/mm² in the right eye and 2,674 cells/mm² in the left eye. After 4 years, the corneal endothelial cell count was 1,968 cells/mm² in the right eye and 1,997 cells/mm² in the left eye. A 27-year-old woman underwent iris claw intraocular lens implantation in both eyes. Preoperative corneal endothelial cell count was 3,222 cells/mm² in the right eye and 3,122 cells/mm² in the left eye. After 4 years 8 months, the corneal endothelial cell count was 2,729 cells/mm² in the right eye and 2,488 cells/mm² in the left eye. A 39-year-old woman underwent phakic intraocular lens implantation in other clinic, and the lens of left eye was removed the same day because of elevated intraocular pressure. She underwent iris claw intraocular lens implantation in the left eye. Preoperative corneal endothelial cell count was 2,500 cells/mm² in the left eye, which decreased to 1,873 cells/mm² after 8 years. Six months after intraocular lens removal and cataract surgery, her cornea endothelial cell count was 1,412 cells/mm². CONCLUSIONS: Although iris-fixed intraocular lens implantation is safe and effective for correcting myopia, at least 4 years of long-term observation for evaluating corneal endothelial cell density maybe necessary.

Wavefront aberration and contrast sensitivity after implantation of foldable and rigid iris claw phakic intraocular lenses: Artiflex versus artisan.

Aim of study: The aim of this study is to assess wavefront aberration and contrast sensitivity (CS) after implantation of foldable iris claw – artiflex‑ and rigid iris claw – artisan‑ phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs). Materials and Methods: A nonrandomized prospective comparative case study was performed on 57 eyes; of which, 54 were myopia and 3 were hyperopia. Twenty‑four patients had artisan pIOL implantation and 33 had artiflex pIOL implantation. Higher‑order aberration (HOA) and CS were obtained 1 year after surgery. Results: Total HOA in artisan group was greater than artiflex group (P = 0.044) with a mean HOA of 0.44 ± 0.15 root mean square (RMS) for artisan and 0.35 ± 0.15 RMS for artiflex. Although, there were no significant differences in the vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal trefoil, horizontal coma, secondary astigmatism, quatrefoil, and fourth order spherical aberration in two groups. CS in mesopic conditions was better in artiflex‑treated eyes at three spatial frequencies of 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd) (P = 0.003, P = 0.007, and P = 0.00, respectively), and no significant difference was seen between two lenses at 3 cpd. Conclusion: Although the components of HOA were not significantly different between two groups, total HOA was higher in artisan group, which may be due to the slight differences in each component, increasing the HOA as a total. CS was significantly better in artiflex group.

Iris‑claw intraocular lens implantation: Anterior chamber versus retropupillary implantation.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of anterior chamber and retropupillary implantation of iris‑claw Artisan intraocular lenses (IOL). Design: Prospective, randomized, single‑blinded study. Patients and Methods: Forty eyes of forty aphakic patients were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups. Each group includes twenty patients. Group 1 received anterior chamber Artisan IOL implantation. Group 2 received retropupillary Artisan IOL implantation. Preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and all complications were noted and compared at 6 months follow‑up. Results: Each two groups obtained a significant improvement in CDVA (P < 0.05). Four patients in Group 1 and five patients in Group 2 had significant but nonpermanent increase at IOP values. There were one and two pupillary irregularity in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. In one patient, a shallow and inferior located retinal detachment were encountered in anterior chamber group. Conclusions: The results were not significantly different between the two fixation techniques for iris‑claw lens. The surgery procedure is dependent to surgeon experience and eye’s conditions.

As consequências do processo de desterritorialização da pesca artesanal na Baía de Sepetiba (RJ, Brasil): um olhar sobre as questões de saúde do trabalhador e o ambiente / Deterritorialization of artisanal fisheries in Sepetiba Bay (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): an overview of occupational health and environmental issues

O trabalho analisa as consequências da desterritorialização na Baía de Sepetiba sobre o processo de trabalho e saúde dos pescadores artesanais daquele território. Por meio do conceito de determinantes sociais em saúde, aproxima os novos vetores de crescimento da região com as condições de vida e saúde destes trabalhadores. Através de entrevistas semiabertas e grupos focais explicitou-se esta relação. Os resultados sugerem uma forte associação entre os empreendimentos portuários e as instalações do programa nuclear da Marinha do Brasil com a pesca extrativa tradicional, contribuindo para o aumento do tempo de navegação e dos riscos ocupacionais inerentes à pesca artesanal. Além dos impactos econômicos e ambientais na produtividade e qualidade do pescado, consequência direta das obras de dragagem e dos novos fluxos de navegação e fundeio estabelecidos e impostos pelo estado.

This paper outlines the consequences of deterritorialization of artisan fishing folk in Sepetiba Bay in the State of Rio de Janeiro on the occupational and health status of this population living in the area. By means of the concept of social determinants in health, it compares the new patterns of growth in the region with the living and occupational health conditions of these workers. This relationship was explained after conducting semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The results point to a strong relationship between the port undertakings and the installations of the nuclear program of the Brazilian Navy with subsistence and extractive fishing, contributing to an increase in the time spent at sea and the inherent occupational risks involved in subsistence fishing. This is in addition to the economic and environmental impacts on the productivity and quality of fishing production, which are a direct consequence of the dredging works and the new navigation and anchoring norms established and imposed by the state.

Implantation of iris-claw Artisan intraocular lens for aphakia in Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis.

Implantation of iris-claw Artisan intraocular lens (IOL) is a surgical option for correction of aphakia; however, these IOLs have not been used in eyes with uveitis including Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) due to possible risk of severe postoperative intraocular inflammation. In the case reported here, we secondarily implanted an Artisan IOL in a 28-year-old man with FHI who had aphakia with no capsular support due to a previous complicated cataract surgery. Enclavation was easily performed and no intraoperative complication was noted. Postoperative course was uneventful with no significant anterior chamber inflammation during 12 months of follow-up. Although there were few deposits on the IOL surface, the patient achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 without developing glaucoma or other complications. Therefore, Artisan IOL may be considered for correction of aphakia in patients with FHI. However, studies on large number of patients are required to evaluate safety of the procedure.

Proteção social e território na pesca artesanal do litoral paraibano / Social protection and territory in the artisan fishing in the coast of Paraíba state

Este artigo visa dar visibilidade acadêmica ao conhecimento local das pescadoras artesanais do estuário do rio Paraíba (PB). O complexo estuarino é fundamental na vida das trabalhadoras, a partir das relações estabelecidas pela atividade da pesca artesanal e pelas demandas de proteção social vinculadas ao território. Os materiais coletados apontam para questões relacionadas às ausências de proteções no campo da garantia de direitos, especificamente às demandas por serviços e benefícios públicos das populações nos territórios habitados.

This article aims at giving academic visibility to the local knowledge of the artisan fisherwomen of the estuary of River Paraíba in Paraíba State. The estuary complex is essential in the workers´ lives, because of the relations established by the artisan fishing activity and the requirements of social protection related to the territory. The material gathered points issues relative to the absence of protection in the guarantee of rights, specifically as to the requirements for public services and benefits for the populations in the inhabited territory.

Clinical observation of Artisan iris - clip intraocular lens implantation at stage Ⅰ / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

To observe the clinical efficacy of Artisan iris-clip intraocular lens ( lOL) implantation on cataract with a wide range of lens dislocation. ●METHODS: Twenty-four hospital patients (28 eyes) of cataract with lens subluxation by trauma (20 patients, 20 eyes) and Marfan's syndrome (4 patients, 8 eyes) during May 2007 to December 2011 were selected. All of them underwent phacoemulsification or an anterior vitrectomy and Artisan iris - clip lOL implantation at stage Ⅰ. Postoperative visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell count, intraocular lens position and postoperative complications were observed. Follow-up time was 6mo. ●RESULTS: Compared with the preoperative, postoperative best corrected visual acuity improved to varying degrees, visual acuity of 0. 1-0. 5 was in 20 eyes, 0. 5-1. 0 in 8 eyes. After followed up 1-6mo, no artificial lens shift, iris inflammation, iris atrophy and corneal decompensation and other complications were observed. ●CONCLUSlON: Cataract surgery with a wide range of lens dislocation is difficult, but as long as surgeons who have a wealth of clinical experience and superb skills, still can carry out phacoemulsification surgery or anterior vitrectomy and Artisan iris - clip lOL implantation and obtain a better outcome.

Recuento de Staphylococcus aureus y detección de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas en queso blanco venezolano artesanal tipo “telita” expendido en mercados de la ciudad de Caracas / Counts of Staphylococcus aureus and detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in Venezuelan white artisan “telita” type cheese sold at Caracas city markets

La intoxicación alimentaria estafilocócica es producida por el consumo de alimentos contaminados con enterotoxinas estafilocócicas producidas por cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, constituyéndose en una de las principales enfermedades alimentarias a nivel mundial. En este estudió se investigó la presencia de S. aureus y la producción de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas en muestras de queso blanco artesanal tipo “telita” expendidas en diferentes mercados de la ciudad de Caracas. Se analizaron 80 muestras y el recuento de S. aureus se efectuó según Norma Venezolana COVENIN 1292:89. La presencia de enterotoxinas tipo A, B, C y D de S. aureus se determinó con la prueba de aglutinación de látex en fase reversa (SET RPLA Oxoid). Se encontró carga microbiana de 10³-10(4) UFC/g de S. aureus en el 40,0% de las muestras. Se detectaron enterotoxinas estafilocócicas en 34,2% de las muestras, resultando la enterotoxina tipo A la más frecuente (80,7%). El queso blanco artesanal tipo “telita” expendido en mercados de la ciudad de Caracas revela deficientes medidas sanitarias en su expendio y la presencia de enterotoxinas representa un potencial riesgo para la salud de los consumidores.

Staphylococcal food intoxication is produced by eating food contaminated with staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, constituting one of the main diseases produced by food at a worldwide level. In this study we investigated S. aureus presence in white artisan “telita” type” cheese sold at various markets in Caracas city. Eighty samples were analyzed and the bacterial counts were done according to COVENIN Venezuelan guidelines 1292:89. Presence of S. aureus enterotoxins type A, B, C, and D was determined by the reverse phase latex agglutination test (SET RPLA Oxoid). We found S. aureus bacterial loads between 10³ - 10(4) CFU/g in 40.0% of the samples. We detected staphylococcal enterotoxins in 34.2% of the samples, enterotoxin type A being the most frequent (80.7%). The white artisan “telita” type cheese being sold at markets in Caracas city reveals deficient sanitary measures for its sale, and the presence of enterotoxins represents a potential health risk for consumers.

Ethnoecological knowledge of the artisan fishermen of octopi (Octopus spp.) in the community of Coroa Vermelha (Santa Cruz Cabrália, Bahia)

Coral reefs are quite diverse ecosystems that carry out several ecological functions and plays a relevant socioeconomic role. The artisan fishing of octopi (Octopus spp.) is practiced for the survival of part of the inhabitants of Coroa Vermelha community, in the south of the state of Bahia. We intended to study the knowledge of the octopi fishermen of Coroa Vermelha using the comprehensive ethnoecological proposal of Marques. The data were collected between July, 2006 and April, 2008 through direct observation and from interviews with fishermen met by chance and through the "native specialists" criterion. Twenty semi-structured interviews were carried out following an itinerary of pre-established questions about the activity of octopi capture, and the biological and ecological aspects of the resource. The data showed that the fishermen have knowledge about biological and ecological aspects of the octopi. Two capture techniques are used: octopus fishing (polvejamento) in the reefs and through diving. Two specific folk are recognized: the "normal octopus" (Octopus insularis) and the "east octopus" (Octopus macropus (?)). The intervieews demonstrated ecological knowledge sometimes compatible with the scientific literature, mainly in which concerns the trophic ecology and behavior of the octopi.

Os recifes de coral são ecossistemas muito diversos que realizam várias funções ecológicas e possuem um relevante papel socioeconômico. A pesca artesanal de polvo (Octopus spp.) é realizada para a sobrevivência de uma parte da população da comunidade de Coroa Vermelha, no Sul do Estado da Bahia. A intenção deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos pescadores de polvos de Coroa Vermelha, usando a proposta da etnoecologia abrangente de Marques. Os dados foram coletados entre julho de 2006 e abril de 2008 através da observação direta e entrevistas com pescadores encontrados oportunisticamente e com os especialistas "nativos". Vinte entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas seguindo um roteiro de perguntas pré-estabelecidas sobre a atividade de captura polvos, e os aspectos biológicos e ecológicos do recurso capturado. Os dados demonstraram que os pescadores têm conhecimento sobre alguns aspectos biológicos e ecológicos dos polvos. Duas técnicas de captura são utilizadas: pesca sobre o recife (polvejamento) e através de mergulho. Dois específicos do povos são reconhecidos: o polvo "normal" (Octopus insularis) e o polvo "de leste" (Octopus macropus (?)). Os entrevistados demonstraram conhecimento ecológico, por vezes, compatíveis com a literatura científica, principalmente no que diz respeito à ecologia trófica e comportamento dos polvos.

Efectividad de los lentes fáquicos Artisan en la corrección de la alta miopía / Effectiveness of Artisan phakic lenses in the correction of high myopia

OBJETIVO: Determinar la efectividad de los lentes intraoculares fáquicos Artisan en la corrección de la alta miopía en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" en el período de enero del 2006 a enero del 2009. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo. El universo estuvo constituido por el total de ojos (120) a los cuales se les implantó estos lentes. RESULTADOS: Se encontró un componente esférico de 0,5, no astigmatismo inducido y una mejoría de la agudeza visual corregida de 0,9. No se presentaron complicaciones transoperatorias y entre las posoperatorias mediatas predominó la iritis o uveítis (3,4 por ciento) así como la atrofia iridiana (5 por ciento) entre las tardías. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados refractivos fueron favorables. Predominaron los pacientes sin complicaciones.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of Artisan phakic intraocular lenses in correcting high myopia at "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in January 2006 to January 2009 period. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study was made in which the universe of study was 120 eyes implanted with this type of lenses. RESULTS: Spheral component of 0.5; the induced astigmatism was not found and the corrected visual acuity improvement was 0.9. There were no transoperative complications; the predominant postoperative mediate complications were iritis or uveitis (3.4 percent) and iridic atrophy (5 percent) prevailed in the late ones. CONCLUSIONS: The refractive results were favourable. The uncomplicated patients predominated.

Efectividad de la combinación del LASEK y el implante del lente fáquico Artisan en la corrección de la alta miopía / Effective combination of LASEK and Artisan phakic lens implantation in high myopia correction

OBJETIVO: Determinar la efectividad del tratamiento combinado de lentes fáquicos Artisan y la técnica LASEK en la corrección de la alta miopía. MÉTODOS: El estudio se realizó en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período 2007-2009. El universo estuvo constituido por los 24 ojos a los cuales se les implantó el lente Artisan. El defecto refractivo residual se corrigió con la técnica de LASEK seis meses después de implantados los lentes. Se analizaron como variables la esfera y el cilindro refractivo, la mejor agudeza visual sin corrección y corregida, las complicaciones transoperatorias y posoperatorias, la paquimetría y la densidad celular. RESULTADOS: La esfera refractiva se corrigió a 0,25 ± 0,25, el cilindro refractivo a -0,25 ± 0,25 y la mejor agudeza visual sin corrección y corregida mejoró a 0,9. El grosor corneal central se redujo en relación al defecto refractivo corregido con valores por encima de 480. La pérdida celular endotelial fue baja después de la colocación de los lentes fáquicos y del LASEK. CONCLUSIONES: El uso combinado del lente fáquico Artisan y el LASEK resultó efectivo, seguro y preciso como alternativa en la corrección de la alta miopía

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the combined treatment of Artisan phakic intraocular lenses and the surgical technique LASEK in high myopia correction. METHODS: The study was conducted at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from 2007 to 2009. The universe of study was 24 eyes implanted with the Artisan phakic lens and the residual refractive defect was corrected with the LASEK technique 6 months after the implantation. The sphere and the refractive cylinder, the best uncorrected visual acuity and the best corrected visual acuity, the transoperative and postoperative complications, the pachymetry and the cell density were all analyzed as variables. RESULTS: The refractive sphere was corrected to 0,25 ± 0.,5, the refractive cylinder to -0,25 ± 0,25 and the best uncorrected and corrected visual acuity improved by 0,9. The central corneal thickness decreased with respect to the corrected refractive defect, yielding figures over 480 Ám. There was low endothelial cell loss after placing the phakic lens and the LASEK application. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of the Artisan phakic IOLs and the LASEK technique proved to be effective, safe and accurate as an option for high myopia correction

Estudio del entotelio corneal en la corrección de alta miopía con lente intraocular fáquica Artisan / Study of the corneal endothelium in high myopia correction with Artisan phakic intraocular lens

Identificar los efectos sobre el endotelio corneal al implantar lentes intraoculares fáquicas Artisan en la corrección de la alta miopía en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período de enero de 2006 a julio de 2007. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 17 ojos, a los cuales se les implantó lente intraocular fáquica Artisan para la corrección de la alta miopía. La pérdida celular endotelial fue de 4,6 por ciento y no hubo variaciones significativas en el coeficiente de variación y la hexagonalidad. La pérdida celular endotelial fue baja al año de la cirugía. El coeficiente de variación y la hexagonalidad no mostraron cambios significativos.

To identify the effects on the corneal endothelium of Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for the high myopia correction at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2006 to July 2007. A prospective descriptive study was performed on 17 eyes which underwent Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for high myopia correction. Endotelial cell loss was 4,6 percent and no significant variations were found in variation coefficient and hexagonality. Endotelial cell loss was low after one year of surgery. The variation coefficient and hexagonality did not show any significant changes.

Clinical Outcomes of Toric Iris-fixated Phakic Intraocular Lens: Six-Month Follow-up

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of toric iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (Artisan(R)) implantation for the correction of myopia with astigmatism. METHODS: Sixteen eyes of 11 patients underwent toric Artisan(R) lens implantation between April 2004 and February 2006 and were followed up for 6 months. We analyzed visual acuity, refraction, change in astigmatism, efficacy, safety, predictability, and complications. RESULTS: Among 11 patients, 4 were men and 7 were women, with an average age of 30.9 years. The preoperative mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.02, except for 1 eye with post-LASIK astigmatism (0.4); the mean spherical equivalent refraction was -11.06+/-4.11D; and the mean astigmatism was -2.91+/-0.91D. At postoperative 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, UCVA was more than 0.8 in 31%, 69%, 81% of eyes and more than 0.5 in 94%, 94%, 100% of eyes, respectively. Mean astigmatism decreased to -2.28, -1.37, and -0.73 and the spherical equivalent refraction was within 1.0D in 56%, 81%, 88% of eyes, respectively. For the vector analysis of astigmatic change, a doubled-angle scatterplot revealed that the postoperative 6 month data were located mainly at the center of the plot, which indicated a considerable reduction of astigmatism by magnitude and axis. At postoperative 6 months, the efficacy and safety indices were 99.0% and 114.7%, respectively. Complications included transient elevation of intraocular pressure in 1 eye and nighttime glare or halo in 3 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Although the patient population was small, six-month clinical results demonstrate that the implantation of the toric Artisan lens was safe, reliable, and effective for correcting high myopia with astigmatism.